![]() Under the leadership of Lyautey and according to the plans by architect Henri Prost, a new town was developed in the vicinity of Dar Debibagh to the south of Fez el Djedid. The city was the scene of many riots in the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s. In 1944, the manifesto for independence was drawn up in a house in the old Medina, now place de l’Istiglal. There were many attempts to try to expel the French from Fez. The Istiqlal (Independence Party) was founded in Fez by Allal El-Fassi. Rabat was officially declared capital of Morocco but Fez remains an important place of royal residence and a centre for culture, arts and crafts, trade and politics. Less than three weeks after it was signed, riots broke out in the city. It was in Fez that the French and Spanish protectorate treaty (for the North of the country as well as Western Sahara) was signed on the 30th of May, 1912. Until the beginning of the protectorate in 1912, Fez was the capital of Morocco. In the Nineteenth Century, the two old parts of town were joined by new buildings, such as the Boujloud Palace. The Saadian dynasty took the city in 1554, but chose Marrakesh as capital. In the years which followed, many buildings were rebuilt, restored or replaced with new ones. In 1522, Fez suffered an earthquake which partially destroyed the town. In 1471, the city fell into the hands of the Beni Wattas dynasty. Thanks to the caravans travelling to Badis Port in the Rif, Fez was constantly in touch with Islamic Spain and Europe. ![]() At that time, Fez Universitywas known throughout the world. The Jewish population who lived in the vicinity of the palace was forced to leave and the mellah (Jewish quarter) was created in the former garrison district of the Syrian archers.Īt the beginning of the Fourteenth Century (the height of Hispano-Moorish art), the city experienced strong growth. It quickly became known under the name of Fez el Djedid (new Fez) as opposed to Fez el Bali (the old town). During their reign, the new town of El Medinet El-Beida (the white town)was founded in 1276, equipped with ramparts, a palace and gardens. Fes el Bali ( ) is the oldest part of the city, founded by the Idrisid dynasty in 789 Fez Jdid ( ) was added right next door by the Marinid. Fez lost its role as capital when the Almoravids founded Marrakesh in the Eleventh Century, but regained this status in 1250 thanks to the Merinid dynasty. The two parts of the city were united in the Middle Ages and the wall which had separated them was dismantled.
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